Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41835791›Full record

ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2026

Tendon healing in the era of regenerative medicine: literature review.

Ayobami S Ogunsola, Davis J Brady, Hailey K Bennett, John B Gordon, Ryan Zhang, Marcel G Brown, Edward C Beck, Chukwuweike U Gwam, Xue Ma

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ayobami S OgunsolaAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Davis J BradyWake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Hailey K BennettWake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
John B GordonWake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Ryan ZhangForsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Marcel G BrownAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Edward C BeckAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Chukwuweike U GwamAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Xue MaAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objective: Tendon injuries are common musculoskeletal conditions that affect both athletic and working populations. Although surgical intervention remains the mainstay of treatment for large tendon injuries, conventional approaches often result in suboptimal healing and functional outcomes. Recent evidence has shown that stem cell therapy may play a role in the management of these injuries. This review comprehensively examines the current literature on stem cell applications in tendon regeneration by analyzing both preclinical and clinical evidence. Specifically, we evaluated various stem cell populations, their characteristics, delivery mechanisms, and repair processes. Additionally, we addressed the limitations of stem cell-based therapies while highlighting emerging trends and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field. Methods: PubMed was searched for articles published in August 2025. Boolean operators "Tendon" OR "Tendon repair" OR "Tendon regeneration" OR "Tendon injury" AND "Scaffold" AND "Secretomes" OR "Exosomes" OR "Stem Cells" were used to search for articles. Inclusion criteria included studies within the last 10 years, performed on humans or animals, written in English, as well as articles considered clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, reviews, or systematic reviews. We identified approximately 1,800 studies, which were screened for relevance to our topic. Additional reference screenings and targeted searches were performed to identify other relevant studies. Key Content and Findings: With advancements in regenerative medicine and material science, new solutions, such as the integration of stem cells and growth factors with specialized scaffolds, offer innovative solutions for tendon regeneration. Various stem cell populations, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), and perinatal stem cells (PSCs), have demonstrated potential for assisting in tendon repair. However, significant challenges persist regarding ethical considerations, safety protocols, and treatment standardization. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy represents a promising frontier in tendon healing, with growing preclinical and clinical support for its regenerative efficacy.

Indexed as

regenerationsecretomesstem cellTendontendon-derived mesenchymal stem cell (tendon-derived MSC)

Identifiers

PMID41835791
PMCPMC12981992

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.