ArticleBiomaterials research2026
Transdermal Delivery of Hyaluronate-Conjugated Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonistic Peptide Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder defined by progressive tissue hardening and inflammatory infiltration that affects the skin and major internal organs. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist, WKYMVm (Wm), shows promise for alleviating dermal fibrosis; however, its clinical translation is impeded by the need for invasive subcutaneous injection to bypass the skin barrier. To overcome this limitation, we developed a noninvasive topical delivery system by conjugating Wm to hyaluronic acid (HA), a biopolymer known for its transdermal delivery properties. In a bleomycin (BLM)-induced murine model of fibrosis, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the HA-Wm conjugate and its capacity to penetrate the skin barrier. Topical application of the HA-Wm conjugate exhibited enhanced skin permeation relative to free Wm, resulting in marked reductions in both dermal layer thickness and collagen accumulation within the fibrotic lesions. Mechanistically, HA-Wm treatment markedly decreased the numbers of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and CD68-positive macrophages in the fibrotic skin. The HA-Wm treatment inhibited macrophage migration in vitro and reduced the serum concentrations of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in BLM-treated mice. Importantly, the therapeutic effects of HA-Wm were abolished in
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