Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41835736›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Hypertension Management Beyond Blood Pressure Control in India: An Expert Consensus on Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Combination Therapy With Reference to Telmisartan and Cilnidipine.

Jagdish Hiremath, Ashok Kirpalani, Deodatta Chafekar, P B Jayagopal, Saumitra Ray, V K Chopra, Sameer Dani, Kamlakar Tripathi, J P S Sawhney, Abraham Oomman and 9 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Jagdish HiremathCardiology, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, IND.
Ashok KirpalaniNephrology, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, IND.
Deodatta ChafekarNephrology, Supreme Kidney Care, Nashik, IND.
P B JayagopalCardiology, Lakshmi Hospital, Palakkad, IND.
Saumitra RayCardiology, Manipal Hospital, Kolkata, IND.
V K ChopraCardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Sameer DaniCardiology, Apollo Cardiovascular Health and Fitness Heart Institute, Ahmedabad, IND.
Kamlakar TripathiNephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, IND.
J P S SawhneyCardiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, IND.
Abraham OommanCardiology, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Sunil SatheCardiology, N. M. Wadia Institute of Cardiology, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, IND.
Jabir AbdullakuttyCardiology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, IND.
Vijay KherNephrology, Epitome Kidney Urology Institute and Lions Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Deepak DewanNephrology, Regency Super Specialty Hospital, Lucknow, IND.
Kamal SharmaCardiology, SAL Hospital and Medical Institute, Gujarat, IND.
Mukesh SheteNephrology, Jupiter Hospital, Mumbai, IND.
P S ValiNephrology, Asian Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Hyderabad, IND.
Sanjay JainMedical Services, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, IND.
Onkar C SwamiMedical Services, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally, with particularly low control rates in India. Beyond controlling blood pressure (BP), effective management must address associated comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A multidisciplinary panel of experts, including cardiologists, nephrologists, and physicians, developed this consensus through six advisory board meetings. A comprehensive literature review of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar. Key topics included pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of hypertension, combination therapy, and comorbidity-focused treatment strategies. Early screening for hypertension-mediated organ damage and the use of combination therapy, specifically telmisartan and cilnidipine for their complementary benefits, were emphasized. Evidence showed improved BP control, reduced proteinuria, and organ protection in individuals with CVD, CKD, and T2DM. Non-pharmacological interventions such as dietary modification, physical activity, smoking cessation, stress management, and adherence to therapy through fixed-dose combinations were also endorsed. This expert consensus supports a comprehensive, patient-centered approach to hypertension management in India. Available evidence suggests that cilnidipine and telmisartan may offer potential benefits beyond BP reduction, largely based on pharmacologic properties and surrogate outcomes. Future large-scale, randomized, comparative outcome trials are needed to better define the relative clinical benefits of this combination.

Indexed as

cilnidipinecombination therapyhypertensiontelmisartantype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41835736
PMCPMC12979952

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.