ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of oesophagus, stomach, and pancreatic cancers: a multi case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ultra-processed food intake and risk of digestive system cancers: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: A high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with higher risk of gastrointestinal cancers, although this relationship has been insufficiently investigated. We evaluated the association between UPF consumption and oesophageal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers in a multi-case control study conducted in a Mediterranean area of Spain. Methods: Data were analysed for 1,218 participants from the PANESOES study, which included incident cases of oesophageal ( Results: UPF consumption in grams/day was positively associated with oesophageal and stomach cancers. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of UPF consumption was associated with higher risk of oesophageal cancer (RRR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.37-3.82) and stomach cancer (RRR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.08-2.27). For stomach cancer, the highest consumption of ultra-processed dairy products (RRR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.43-2.82) and sweets/pastries (RRR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24-2.50) showed increased risks. Ultra-processed drinks and pre-cooked foods were associated with higher risk of oesophageal cancer. No associations were observed for pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: Higher UPF consumption was associated with increased risk of oesophageal and stomach cancers, particularly linked to specific UPF categories. Further research is recommended to confirm these results.
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