ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026
Hospital Air and Healthcare Personnel as Reservoirs of Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Tertiary Care Settings in Pakistan.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the environmental-human interface of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by investigating drug-resistant bacteria in hospital air and the nasal microbiota of healthcare personnel across four tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. Material and Methods: A total of 80 samples (40 aerosol samples and 40 nasal swabs) were collected and analyzed using culture-based microbiological identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute-guided disc diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen representative β-lactam-resistant isolates for key resistance genes, including Results: Bacterial isolates were categorized into three ecological groups: environment-exclusive strains (eg, Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that hospital air acts as not only a reservoir for environmental pathogens but also a potential conduit for microbial exchange with healthcare personnel. Therefore, integrated infection control strategies incorporating air quality management and personnel surveillance are essential. As the interpretation of the findings is limited by the cross-sectional design and reliance on culture-based methods, future studies should include longitudinal and molecular-based approaches.
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