Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41835163›Full record

ArticleRevista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health2026

No time to wait: A regional model for inter-epidemic vector-borne disease preparedness in the Caribbean.

Willy Dunbar, Jenna Indarsingh, Rajesh Ragoo, LaDonna Gulston, Dana Gomez, Charmaine Blades, Anselmo Matthew, Alan Wheeler, Horace Cox

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Willy DunbarGlobal Council for Science and the Environment Washington, D.C. United States of America Global Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
Jenna IndarsinghCaribbean Public Health Agency Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Rajesh RagooCaribbean Public Health Agency Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
LaDonna GulstonMinistry of Health Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Dana GomezMinistry of Health, Wellness and Elderly Affairs Castries Saint Lucia Ministry of Health, Wellness and Elderly Affairs, Castries, Saint Lucia.
Charmaine BladesMinistry of Health and Wellness Bridgetown Barbados Ministry of Health and Wellness, Bridgetown, Barbados.
Anselmo MatthewDepartment of Public Health Oranjestad Aruba Department of Public Health, Oranjestad, Aruba.
Alan WheelerMinistry of Health, Environment Culture & Housing Grand Cayman Cayman Islands Ministry of Health, Environment, Culture & Housing, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
Horace CoxCaribbean Public Health Agency Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases continue to pose significant and evolving public health threats in the Caribbean. The compounded effects of human travel and migration, climate variability, ecological change, and structural vulnerabilities are intensifying transmission risks. However, preparedness efforts across the region remain largely reactive, with limited investment during the inter-epidemic periods, the interval between recognized outbreak waves when risk drivers persist but attention often declines, despite their potential as a strategic window for resilience-building. This Opinion and Analysis article, informed by deliberations during the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Vector-Borne Disease Network, argues for a redefinition of the inter-epidemic phase as the operational core of vector-borne disease preparedness and resilience. Drawing on structured technical discussions within the Network's technical working groups and regional stakeholders, the article presents three strategic pillars: integrated surveillance that brings together epidemiological surveillance, integrated vector management, and innovations such as entomo-virological and wastewater monitoring; strong coalitions with sustained community engagement and stakeholder co-ownership of prevention and response; and the alignment of research with policy through a regionally developed research agenda. Each pillar is examined alongside implementation considerations, enabling conditions, and constraints relevant to small island health systems. The Caribbean Vector-Borne Disease Network is presented as a regional innovation platform whose transdisciplinary, multilingual, and equity-focused approach may offer transferable lessons for climate-vulnerable settings across the Americas, subject to contextual adaptation. Its outputs, including tools, protocols, and implementation resources, are being piloted and adapted across Member States through network-supported exchange and coordination. This framing supports a shift from episodic crisis response toward sustained inter-epidemic governance.

Indexed as

Caribbean regionclimate changedisease outbreaks, prevention and controlepidemiological monitoringhealth governanceintersectoral collaborationpublic health surveillanceVector borne diseases

Identifiers

PMID41835163
PMCPMC12983924

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.