ReviewFrontiers in neurology
Multimodal therapeutic efficacy assessment of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke: integrated application of imaging, electrophysiological, and behavioral indicators.
Review in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cardiac Neuromodulation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Pathways to Clinical Translation.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and conventional rehabilitation alone frequently results in incomplete functional recovery. This review aims to establish a mechanism-informed, clinically actionable framework for quantifying the therapeutic effects of vagus nerve stimulation after stroke across complementary modalities. We synthesize evidence spanning neuroanatomical principles, mechanistic pathways, and technological development, and organize outcome measures into an integrated triad of imaging, electrophysiological, and behavioral indicators. Across studies, imaging outcomes consistently associate stimulation with reduced infarct burden, improved blood-brain barrier integrity, and enhanced circuit remodeling, whereas electrophysiological measures capture autonomic rebalancing and neural stabilization, exemplified by increased high-frequency heart rate variability and lower low-/high-frequency ratios. Behavioral outcomes indicate clinically meaningful gains, including improvements on upper-limb motor scales (with invasive stimulation frequently associated with ≥8-point increases on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity) and reductions in post-stroke spasticity (with reported 30-40% decreases in the incidence of increased tone). Safety profiles are modality dependent: implanted systems may entail procedure- and stimulation-related adverse events that are generally manageable with parameter adjustment, whereas noninvasive approaches predominantly cause transient local discomfort with no reported fatal events. Collectively, multimodal assessment provides a rigorous "structure-electrophysiology-function-behavior" evidence chain to support precise parameter optimization, standardized implementation, and scalable translation of vagus nerve stimulation for stroke rehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.