Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41835055›Full record

ReviewAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin2025

Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccines in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: From Lipid Nanoparticles to Next-Generation Platforms.

Chou-Yi Hsu, Abdulsalam Abdulsattar Abdulazez, Yasir Qasim Almajidi, A K Kareem, Abdullah A Aseeri, Kdv Prasad, Zahraa Khudhair Al-Khafaji, Zuhair I Al-Mashhadani, Sami Najaf Bokhoor, Raad N Hasan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chou-Yi HsuDepartment of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-1161
Abdulsalam Abdulsattar AbdulazezMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Al-maarif, Anbar, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0175-3235
Yasir Qasim AlmajidiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Alnahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-0444
A K KareemBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah 51001, Babil, Iraq.
Abdullah A AseeriDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Kdv PrasadSymbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
Zahraa Khudhair Al-KhafajiCollege of Pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Zuhair I Al-MashhadaniDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Sami Najaf BokhoorCollege of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
Raad N HasanBiotechnology and Environmental Centre, University of Fallujah, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The historic accomplishment of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has provided a massive shift in vaccinology, providing a quick, nimble, and powerful platform for infectious disease prevention. This success, however, does not simply stem from the mRNA sequence but equally depends on the delivery vehicle-the lipid nanoparticle (LNP). The delivery system has evolved from a passive transporter into an active immunomodulatory component, a critical component that (1) protects the inherently fragile mRNA payload, (2) allows cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and (3) adds its own inherent adjuvant properties to shape the immune response. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current advancements in mRNA vaccine delivery technologies. We first deconstruct the structure, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the clinically validated LNP platform. Following this discussion, we highlight the emerging landscape of new systems, including chemically diverse polymeric nanoparticles, biologically-inspired peptide-based carriers, and endogenous extracellular vesicles, potentially overcome current limitations in these delivery systems, including issues with thermostability and targeted delivery. After this, we summarize how these new delivery technologies are being leveraged clinically for a continuum of high-priority infectious diseases, including influenza, RSV, CMV, HIV, Zika, and Rabies. This discussion also illustrates how the design of vaccine prototypes is being rational to address the immune-mediated strategies exploited by each distinct pathogen.

Indexed as

Delivery systemInfectious diseaseLipid nanoparticlemRNA vaccine

Identifiers

PMID41835055
PMCPMC12980233

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.