Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41834859›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine type on morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study in Egypt.

Nehal Mohamed Eisa, Ramy M El Sabaa, Shrouq Sayed Abdelrazik, Rana A Hussein, Marwa M Gaballah, Reem S Mahmoud, Nourhan M Kamal, Mostafa Ahmed, Ahmed Essam Abou Warda, Seif El Hadidi and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Nehal Mohamed EisaClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Ramy M El SabaaClinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
Shrouq Sayed AbdelrazikClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Rana A HusseinClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Marwa M GaballahClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Reem S MahmoudClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Nourhan M KamalClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Mostafa AhmedClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.
Ahmed Essam Abou WardaClinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
Seif El HadidiClinical Pharmacy Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
Heba KhaledDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Heba SalamaGiza Memorial Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Giza, Egypt.
Haidy M SamiDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
Mostafa M BahaaPharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
Hayam Ali AlRasheedDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelrahman S H RefaeeClinical Research Department at Giza Health Affairs Directorate, MOHP, Giza, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among hospitalized patients. Vaccination has been shown to reduce disease severity; however, real-world data comparing outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and among different vaccine types remain limited. Methods: This study included 478 hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Demographic characteristics, vaccination status, comorbidities, disease severity, clinical outcomes, and mortality were assessed. Comparative analyses were performed between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of survival. A head-to-head comparison evaluated the impact of different vaccine types on hospitalization and outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.63 ± 13.86 years, and 56.9% were female. Most patients were unvaccinated (74.9%). Overall mortality was 19.46%. Vaccinated patients demonstrated a significantly higher recovery rate (67.5% vs. 35.75%) and lower mortality (12.5% vs. 21.79%, Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with improved clinical outcomes, reduced disease severity, and lower mortality among hospitalized patients. Disease severity and comorbidity burden were the strongest predictors of survival. No significant differences were observed among vaccine types in clinical outcomes. These findings support the protective role of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing severe disease and mortality.

Indexed as

COVID-19Moderna vaccinationmortalityretrospective studyvaccination

Identifiers

PMID41834859
PMCPMC12982174

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.