Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41834435›Full record

ArticleHead & neck2026

Deceptive Thyroid Pathologies: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Mimics and Clinical Implications.

David Z Allen, S Mohsen Hosseini, Mark Zafereo, Miriam Lango, Elizabeth Gardner Grubbs, Priyanka Iyer, Shreyaskumar R Patel, Vinod Ravi, Naifa Lamki Busaidy, Rui Jennifer Wang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Head & neck, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

David Z AllenThe Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6727-4378
S Mohsen HosseiniThe Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Mark ZafereoDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7918-9739
Miriam LangoDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0736-7473
Elizabeth Gardner GrubbsDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Priyanka IyerDepartment of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Shreyaskumar R PatelThe Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Vinod RaviThe Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Naifa Lamki BusaidyDepartment of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Rui Jennifer WangDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0807-3832
Michelle D WilliamsThe Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Maria E CabanillasDepartment of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5124-1811
Anastasios ManiakasDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4354-2841

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBeyond follicular-derived thyroid carcinomas, lymphomas, and metastatic disease, there are rare pathologies of the thyroid gland that represent a challenge. We report patients with unusual malignancies that mimic similar aggressive cancers.

methodsRetrospective case series.

resultsEight patients with aggressive thyroid tumors presented with clinical and radiographic features concerning for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Three patients presumed to be diagnosed with Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES), each harboring an EWSR1-FLI1 rearrangement. One patient with an enlarging neck mass was found to have osteoid-producing osteosarcoma. Another patient with a bulky neck mass and metastases demonstrated neolumen and ERG/CD31 positivity, confirming thyroid angiosarcoma. A separate patient was diagnosed with a high-grade sarcoma harboring a PRMT8-NTRK fusion, representing the first reported case. Two patients had mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) variants-one classic MEC and one sclerosing MEC with eosinophilia (SMECE).

conclusionsMultiple rare thyroid malignancies may present indistinguishably from ATC, emphasizing the need for meticulous histopathologic and molecular evaluation.

Indexed as

Thyroid Carcinoma, AnaplasticThyroid NeoplasmsAdultAgedDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective Studiesadamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcomaanaplastic thyroid carcinomaNTRK fusionthyroid angiosarcomathyroid mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID41834435
PMCPMC13332557

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.