Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41833123›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Encapsulated enzyme cocktail as feed additives for improving efficiency and nutrient digestibility in broilers.

Hamza Rafeeq, Muhammad Anjum Zia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hamza RafeeqDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38040, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Riphah international University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab 44000, Pakistan. Electronic address: Hamza.rafeeq@riphahfsd.edu.pk.
Muhammad Anjum ZiaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38040, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Feed cost is the major economic challenge in poultry production, and the efficient utilization of nutrients is essential for sustainable broiler farming. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of an encapsulated enzyme mixture containing protease, lipase, cellulase, and amylase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross-308 chicks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments (2 replicates per treatment, 10 chicks per replicate) in a completely randomized design, including positive and negative controls and four enzyme-supplemented groups with low- and high-calorie diets at two inclusion levels (500 and 1000 U/kg). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results showed that enzyme supplementation significantly improved body weight gain (p < 0.0001), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.0001), and nutrient utilization compared with the negative control. Higher enzyme levels produced significant effects on carcass yield, particularly dressing percentage (p < 0.0001), breast weight (p < 0.0001), and thigh weight (p < 0.0001). Nutrient digestibility, including crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract, was significantly enhanced in enzyme-fed groups (p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that encapsulated multi-enzyme supplementation improves performance and nutrient efficiency in broilers under both low- and high-calorie dietary conditions. The results highlight the potential of enzyme-based feed strategies to reduce feed costs and enhance poultry production efficiency.

Indexed as

Animal FeedChickensHydrolasesMeatPoultryAnimalsBody WeightDietary SupplementsRandom AllocationHydrolasesBroiler chickenCarcass characteristicEncapsulated enzymeGrowth performanceNutrient digestibility

Identifiers

PMID41833123
PMCPMC12999300

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.