ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2026
Co-Designing a Community-Based Health Literacy Programme for Individuals With Prehypertension: An Application of Ophelia (Optimise Health Literacy and Access) Process.
Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases, especially hypertension, presents a significant public health concern. Early detection and effective health promotion of hypertension remain challenging for healthcare providers. A co-design approach was used to engage stakeholders and consumers in exploring and developing a culturally appropriate intervention. This study aimed to co-design evidence-based resources with local key stakeholders, focusing on hypertension prevention for individuals with varying levels of literacy and addressing barriers to behaviour change in a rural Thai community.
methodsThis study was guided by the Optimising Health Literacy and Access (Ophelia) framework, specifically steps 3 to 5, to codesign a hypertension prevention programme. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, based on recommendations from the health service advisory group. A total of 13 individuals - comprising consumers, healthcare providers, and community leaders - were invited to participate in a codesign workshop. Data were analysed using descriptive and content analysis.
resultsThirteen workshop participants generated action ideas using Problem-Tree Analysis and the Rose, Thorn, Bud technique. These ideas were then prioritised using an Impact-Effort Matrix to determine feasible next steps. Interventions identified in the "quick wins" (do now) quadrant were selected for further development. The final health literacy interventions included: (1) a community-based educational project on hypertension; (2) a blood pressure monitoring system for individuals with prehypertension; and (3) public relations activities to raise community awareness.
conclusionCo-design approaches underpinned by the Ophelia framework enable the development of tailored, culturally appropriate health literacy interventions that improve health outcomes and access to services by addressing the diverse, real-world needs of rural communities. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The co-design process involved engaging community leaders, health care providers, individuals with hypertension or prehypertension, and their family members throughout the research process.
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