Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41832251›Full record

ArticleEye (London, England)2026

Assessment and management of dry eye disease in the UK: standardising reality-based best practice.

Bita Manzouri, Sajjad Ahmad, Sophie Harper, Sai Kolli, David Lockington, Michael O'Gallagher, Harminder Dua

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bita ManzouriQueen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK. bita.manzouri@nhs.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-0831
Sajjad AhmadMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Sophie HarperManchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
Sai KolliQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust & Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
David LockingtonTennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Glasgow, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-0958
Michael O'GallagherRoyal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
Harminder DuaAcademic Ophthalmology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-6917

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAssessment and management of dry eye disease (DED) in the UK is increasingly taking place outside of specialist ophthalmology settings. While comprehensive, evidence-based international guidance exists, much of it does not reflect the realities of practice in the UK. A panel of experts was brought together to identify areas of consensus on assessment, management, and appropriate referral of DED in the UK National Health Service (NHS).

methodsA questionnaire was circulated to a panel consisting of 15 optometrists, ophthalmologists, and corneal specialists with experience and expertise in DED. Based on their responses, consensus statements were developed and underwent two rounds of voting, in which respondents indicated to what extent they agreed with each statement. A core steering panel of seven experts discussed the results and provided further context for the statements.

resultsStrong or very strong consensus was reached for 57/62 statements. Statements with very strong consensus included guidance on the minimum symptoms and signs to be assessed on initial presentation and simple guidance for grading the severity of the disease. Statements regarding initial treatment were divided by setting (primary and secondary care), and a strong or very strong consensus was reached on 17/20 statements relating to treatment options in these settings. Statements specific to referral included approximate target timelines, where possible, as well as guidance on key supporting information to help improve the efficiency of patient care.

conclusionsThis consensus provides a UK-focused resource to support consistent and effective care for patients with DED within the NHS.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesPractice Guidelines as TopicConsensusDisease ManagementHumansOphthalmologistsOptometristsOptometryReferral and ConsultationState MedicineSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID41832251
PMCPMC13195173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.