Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41831112›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2026

Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs.

Roman Ivasiy, Valerie A Earnshaw, Jimi Huh, Charles M Cleland, Samuel R Friedman, John A Schneider, Danielle Ompad, Ricky N Bluthenthal, Suzan M Walters

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Roman IvasiyDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-1360
Valerie A EarnshawDepartment of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Jimi HuhDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Charles M ClelandDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Samuel R FriedmanDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
John A SchneiderDepartment of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Danielle OmpadDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Ricky N BluthenthalDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Suzan M WaltersDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Suzan.Walters@nyulangone.org.

Funding

Cannabis use and health outcomes among opioid-using people who inject drugs in the context of cannabis legalizationR01DA046049 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BLUTHENTHAL, RICKY N, CORSI, KAREN F · 2019 to 2022
$2.6M
Intersectional Stigma Experiences, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and Other Service Use Among People Who Inject DrugsK01DA053159 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI WALTERS, SUZAN M · 2021 to 2025
$927k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA053159NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046049
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stigma in healthcare settings is a critical barrier to HIV prevention and treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID). While previous tools have measured anticipated stigma, few account for the intersectional and provider-specific experiences of PWID-particularly from syringe service programs (SSPs). We developed and validated the Substance Use Anticipated Provider Stigma Scale (SU-APSS), a multidimensional instrument assessing anticipated stigma from four provider types: healthcare workers, substance use treatment staff, pharmacists, and SSP personnel. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 264 PWID who were 18 or older, HIV-negative, had injected drugs and used opioids within the past 30 days, and showed visible signs of recent injection. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on responses from 218 participants to evaluate structural validity and used Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency. The CFA supported a four-factor structure with strong model fit indices (CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.09 [0.07, 0.11], SRMR = 0.04). All items significantly loaded onto their respective factors (loadings: 0.62-1.06). Internal consistency was high across all subscales (α = 0.85-0.96) and for the overall scale (α = 0.87). Attribution analysis revealed drug use, physical appearance, and income level as the most common perceived reasons for anticipated stigma. The SU-APSS offers a practical tool for identifying provider-specific stigma, informing stigma-reduction interventions, and evaluating implementation strategies to improve HIV prevention and care engagement among PWID.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelHIV InfectionsSocial StigmaSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelCross-Sectional StudiesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeedle-Exchange ProgramsPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesAnticipated stigmaHealthcare discriminationIntersectional stigmaPeople who inject drugs (PWID)Scale validationStigmaStigma measurement

Identifiers

PMID41831112
PMCPMC13486044

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.