Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41831023›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2026

The glycaemic response to morning fasted resistance exercise is more consistent than the response to afternoon fed resistance exercise for adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover comparison.

Reid D McClure, Alice L J Carr, Normand G Boulé, Jane E Yardley

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05168488 (Repeatability of Blood Glucose Responses to Fasted and Fed Resistance Exercise in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05168488 nacompletednot on this map

Repeatability of Blood Glucose Responses to Fasted and Fed Resistance Exercise in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of AlbertaRan2021 to 2023Enrolled27ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmsFasted morning resistance exercise, Afternoon resistance exercise
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Reid D McClureFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-6915
Alice L J CarrAlberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-8843
Normand G BouléFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0256-702X
Jane E YardleyFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Jane.Yardley@ircm.qc.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-7019

Funding

Dexcom In-Kind Funding
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisPeople with type 1 diabetes are recommended to modify insulin dosing and/or carbohydrate intake before, during and after exercise to manage blood glucose levels and prevent hypoglycaemia. An exercise strategy that produces a more consistent glycaemic response may facilitate glycaemic management around exercise, thereby reducing barriers to exercise related to blood glucose concentration, such as fear of hypoglycaemia, for people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the consistency of the glycaemic response to resistance exercise performed in the morning while fasted vs in the afternoon after eating.

methodsTwelve adults with type 1 diabetes, HbA

resultsThe wpSD of the change in capillary glucose during exercise was lower for AM-FAST (1.0±1.1 mmol/l) than PM-FED (1.5±1.0 mmol/l; p=0.029). There was no difference in the wpSD between conditions during the subsequent 30 min seated recovery (p=0.76). During exercise capillary glucose increased by 1.4±1.9 mmol/l for AM-FAST and decreased by 0.9±2.3 mmol/l for PM-FED (p=0.017). There was a greater percentage of time in hyperglycaemia in the 6 h post-exercise period following AM-FAST vs PM-FED (56.7% [27.2, 67.9] vs 33.0% [22.6, 41.5]; p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationThe glycaemic response to AM-FAST was more consistent and characterised by increases in glucose concentration, whereas the glycaemic response to PM-FED was less consistent and produced decreases in glucose concentration. Performing resistance exercise while fasted may reduce barriers to exercise for people with type 1 diabetes due to a more consistent glycaemic response that is less likely to cause hypoglycaemia during exercise.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05168488.

fundingDexcom Canada provided in-kind funding in the form of Dexcom G6 transmitters, sensors and receivers. LifeScan Canada provided in-kind funding in capillary glucose testing strips. JEY was supported by a Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Alberta New Investigator Award.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1ExerciseFastingResistance TrainingAdolescentAdultCross-Over StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaInsulinMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinInsulinBlood glucoseConsistencyFasted exerciseRepeatabilityType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41831023

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.