Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41830424›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurology2026

Increased Numbers of CD4

Ling Shan, Milo Fonville, Mabel Hoekstra, Rolf Fronczek, Joost Smolders, Dick F Swaab

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Narcolepsy is (not) an autoimmune disease.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ling ShanNeuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4765-2474
Milo FonvilleNeuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mabel HoekstraNeuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rolf FronczekDepartment of Neurology, and Sleep-Wake Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Leiden, and Heemstede, The Netherlands.
Joost SmoldersNeuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9766-8661
Dick F SwaabNeuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9665-7845

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is presumed to be an autoimmune disorder caused by hypothalamic loss of hypocretin (Hcrt; orexin). In postmortem NT1 brains, we observed an 11-fold increase of CD4

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesHypothalamusNarcolepsyOrexinsFemaleHumansMaleOrexins

Identifiers

PMID41830424
PMCPMC13092791

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.