Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41830209›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes technology & therapeutics2026

Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Reduces Postmeal Glucose Excursion in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes.

Laya Ekhlaspour, Lauren Kanapka, Asheesh Dewan, Linda A DiMeglio, Mark Kipnes, Michael A Wood, Michael J Haller, Thomas J Mouse, Roy W Beck, INHALE-1 Study Group

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. AFREZZAPaediatric drugs · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Laya EkhlaspourDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lauren KanapkaJAEB Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Asheesh DewanThe Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Specialists (DOCS), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Linda A DiMeglioDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Mark KipnesDiabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Michael A WoodMichigan Pediatric Endocrine & Diabetes Services, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
Michael J HallerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Thomas J MouseJAEB Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Roy W BeckJAEB Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
INHALE-1 Study Group

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
Modeling and modulating insulin delivery in automated insulin delivery systems to accommodate for meal compositionsK23DK121942 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EKHLASPOUR, LAYA · 2020 to 2024
$964k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK121942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess postprandial glucose excursions following a meal bolus of inhaled technosphere insulin (TI) in youth with type 1 diabetes.

methodsAs part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 217 youth 4-17 years old with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections (MDI) completed an in-clinic standardized meal challenge with their first TI dose. Glucose levels were monitored for 2 h. Outcomes were compared with outcomes in MDI-using adults with T1D who received a TI (

resultsFollowing TI inhalation, the glucose excursion and glycemic metrics were similar in the pediatric cohort to those of the adult TI cohort. In contrast, compared with the adult RAA cohort, the pediatric TI cohort had a smaller glucose excursion (

conclusionsIn children with type 1 diabetes, the postmeal glucose excursion following a TI bolus was similar to the postmeal glucose excursion that occurs with TI in adults and significantly lower than the excursion that has been observed with RAA in adults. These findings are consistent with the known pharmacokinetic profile of TI.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdministration, InhalationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMealsPostprandial PeriodBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulininhaled insulinpostprandial glucosetechnosphere insulintype 1 diabetesyouth

Identifiers

PMID41830209
PMCPMC13489622

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.