ReviewNutrients2026
Fear, Feeding, and the Gut: Nutrition Support Considerations in Adults with ARFID and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.
Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent restriction or avoidance of food intake leading to clinically significant nutritional, medical, and/or psychosocial consequences, without associated body-image disturbance. Although historically described in pediatric populations, ARFID is increasingly recognized in adults, particularly among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Emerging data demonstrate a strong bidirectional relationship between ARFID and GI disease-especially disorders of gut-brain interaction-where fear of GI symptoms commonly drives restrictive eating, and chronic undernutrition may worsen GI motility, visceral sensitivity, and symptom severity, reinforcing a self-perpetuating cycle. Despite growing recognition of ARFID in adult gastroenterology patients, evidence guiding nutritional management and the use of nutrition support therapies in this population remains limited. This narrative review synthesizes the current literature on the epidemiology, clinical features, and nutritional consequences of ARFID in adults with GI disease, with a focus on screening and diagnostic considerations relevant to GI clinicians and principles of multidisciplinary management. Particular attention is given to the role of nutrition support therapies, including oral nutritional supplementation, enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition. While oral strategies are foundational to nutritional rehabilitation, available evidence supporting enteral or parenteral nutrition in adults with ARFID is sparse and largely extrapolated from pediatric or retrospective studies. Expert guidelines caution against routine or prolonged use of invasive nutrition support due to risks of reinforcing food avoidance, medical complications, and poor long-term outcomes, recommending their use only in carefully selected, medically necessary, and time-limited circumstances. Overall, ARFID represents an underrecognized but clinically significant contributor to malnutrition and symptom burden in adult patients with GI disorders, underscoring the need for routine screening, individualized multidisciplinary care, and high-quality prospective research to inform evidence-based treatment guidelines.
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Registered trials
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