Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41829576›Full record

ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Mental Stress Detection Using Physiological Sensors and Artificial Intelligence: A Review.

Rabah Al Abdi, Shouq AlKaabi, Shada Elsifi, Jawad Yousaf

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rabah Al AbdiElectrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 1790, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-5927-7341
Shouq AlKaabiElectrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 1790, United Arab Emirates.
Shada ElsifiElectrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 1790, United Arab Emirates.
Jawad YousafElectrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 1790, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-7937-3007

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stress can cause many disorders, including mental and physical ones, if it persists. To take timely and effective early intervention measures, mental stress levels must be carefully monitored. This study investigates the rapidly growing topic of mental stress detection, focusing on the primary goals and mechanisms of existing detection frameworks. The main objectives and mechanisms will be highlighted. This study examines physiological sensors, stressors, algorithms, monitoring methods, and validation tools used to assess and classify mental stress. The study targets physiological sensors. Wearable sensors are becoming more popular because they can continuously monitor physiological responses in human-like environments. This allows them to reveal relevant stress patterns across various work environments. Numerous physiological sensors are used regularly. Galvanic skin response (GSR), electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmography (PPG), electroencephalography (EEG), and pupil diameter camera systems are examples of these sensors. The combination of these sensors provides a wealth of cognitive and autonomic response data for stress detection. This review examines AI-based methods for interpreting complex physiological data. Machine learning and ensemble models are emphasized for improving stress classification accuracy and reducing incorrect classifications. In addition, this article discusses stressors used to induce reliable physiological responses. Validated self-report instruments are being reviewed as benchmarking tools for objective sensor-based measurements. STAI and PSS-10 are examples. These instruments demonstrate a strong correlation between stress and anxiety and physiological health outcomes. In conclusion, this review discusses future research avenues, focusing on advanced artificial intelligence-driven approaches and sophisticated sensors. These developments aim to better define stress levels and physiological factors that have not been thoroughly studied.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBiosensing TechniquesStress, PsychologicalAlgorithmsElectrocardiographyElectroencephalographyGalvanic Skin ResponseHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicPhotoplethysmographyWearable Electronic Devicesartificial intelligence algorithmselectrocardiogram (ECG)electroencephalogram (EEG)galvanic skin response (GSR)heart rate variability (HRV)mental health monitoringmental stress detectionnon-invasive techniquesPerceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)photoplethysmography (PPG)physiological sensorspupil diameter (PD)real-time monitoringState-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)wearable devices

Identifiers

PMID41829576
PMCPMC12986677

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.