ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Validation of the Transformer-Based Monocular System (Capture4D): A Real-Time Kinematic Analysis in Coaching/Teaching Tennis.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human motion capture is crucial for various fields, but traditional optical systems (OMC) are costly and restrictive. Monocular video-based methods offer accessibility, yet face accuracy challenges, especially in dynamic sports like tennis. This study validates Capture4D, a novel Transformer-based monocular system, for capturing a wide range of tennis strokes. We developed a universal biomechanical analysis framework (K0-K5) applicable to twelve fundamental stroke types. To demonstrate the system's capabilities, this paper focused on a detailed validation using the tennis serve as a representative example. We conducted experiments with 9 high-level tennis players, and motion data were simultaneously captured using Capture4D (single RGB camera) and OMC Qualisys (gold standard). Accuracy was evaluated by comparing 3D joint coordinates and joint angles using Normalized Mean Per Joint Position Error (NMPJPE), RMSE, and MAE. The results demonstrated that Capture4D effectively captured the tennis player's motion, with average NMPJPE for tennis serves ranging from 69.5 mm to 88.3 mm, within the acceptable range (70-130 mm) for coaching purposes. Compared to OMC, Capture4D demonstrated comparable joint angle trajectories, with advantages in operational convenience, cost-effectiveness, and wider applicability. It offered an approximately 50% reduction in setup time and 80% cost savings. Capture4D presents a valid and practical monocular motion capture solution for coaching tennis and other broader applications in sports. While slightly less precise than OMC, its accuracy is acceptable for many use cases in coaching and teaching. It offers significant advantages in convenience and cost, paving the way for accessible motion analysis in diverse environments like outdoor settings and multi-person scenarios, in which OMC is not possible to be used. This technology holds promise for democratizing motion capture in sports training and coaching/teaching.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.