ArticlePolymers2026
Effect of Hot-Pressing Temperature on β-Phase Formulation in 3D-Printed Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF).
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to combine 3D printing and hot-pressing to improve polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by making its surface smoother, enhancing crystallinity and electrical and mechanical performance. Before printing, PVDF filament was analyzed using rheology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and extrusion tests. Based on these results for printing, 250 °C was fixed as the optimized printing temperature. PVDF samples were printed using an Ultimaker S5 dual-nozzle 3D printer, with a size of 30 × 30 × 0.2 mm
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