ArticlePolymers2026
Assessing the Bioenergy Potential of Peanut Shell Waste: High Heating Rate Combustion Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of peanut shell (PnS) combustion behavior using combined physicochemical characterization and non-isothermal thermogravimetric kinetics. To evaluate its potential as a sustainable solid biofuel, PnS was characterized for its proximate and ultimate composition, with its fiber structure analyzed via Van Soest methods and functional groups identified via FTIR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at high heating rates (20,40,60, and 80 K min-1) to investigate combustion stages under oxidative conditions. The results established PnS as a high-potential energy source, revealing a significant volatile matter content (65.30 wt%) and an exceptionally high heating value (20.87 MJ kg-1), which surpasses many standard agricultural residues. The proximate analysis also indicated a moisture content of 9.61% and an ash content of 6.59%. TGA profiles displayed distinct decomposition stages, with the primary devolatilization occurring between 500 and 700 K. Kinetic analysis was conducted using six model-free methods: Friedman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink (STK), Kissinger (K), and Vyazovkin (VY) and the Coats-Redfern model-fitting method. The apparent activation energy Ea was found to vary with conversion (α), reflecting the complex degradation of the lignocellulosic matrix (47.86% cellulose, 28.4% lignin). The activation energy values ranged from approximately 23 kJ mol-1 (VY method at low conversion) to 187 kJ mol-1 (FR method at α=0.5). Model-fitting analysis identified the three-dimensional diffusion (D3) model as the governing reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis indicated positive enthalpy (ΔH:70.7-181.8 kJ mol-1) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG: 116.2-216.7 kJ mol-1), with predominately negative entropy (ΔS), confirming the endothermic and non-spontaneous nature of the reaction activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.