ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Orally Administered Porcine Intestinal Lactobacilli Improve the Respiratory Innate Immune Response Against
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory bacterial infections represent a major health challenge in swine production, highlighting the need for novel immunomodulatory strategies that enhance host resistance. In this study, we investigated whether porcine intestinal lactobacilli could modulate the gut-lung axis and improve respiratory innate immunity in a mouse model of
methodsThree strains of
resultsOnly strain LAFF998 significantly reduced pulmonary bacterial loads, prevented bacteremia, and attenuated lung injury. This protective effect was associated with selective modulation of respiratory immunity, characterized by reduced neutrophilic inflammation, increased lymphocyte recruitment, and enhanced activation of alveolar macrophages expressing MHC-II. LAFF998 markedly increased the production of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-27 in the respiratory tract, without inducing excessive inflammatory damage. Ex vivo and in vitro analyses confirmed that alveolar macrophages from LAFF998-treated mice exhibited a primed phenotype with heightened cytokine responses to pneumococcal stimulation. In contrast, strains LAFF1071 and LAFF1095 failed to confer protection or significantly modulate respiratory immune responses.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate a strict strain-dependent effect among porcine
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.