ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Beyond Technical Efficiency: Structural Disconnect Between Managerial Resource Use and Sustainability in Water Buffalo Farming in Türkiye.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Although higher technical efficiency is theoretically expected to enhance farm sustainability, empirical evidence in livestock systems remains ambiguous. This study investigates the interplay between technical efficiency and sustainability using data from 72 farms in Tokat, Türkiye, selected via stratified random sampling. Technical efficiency was calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), while a multidimensional Sustainability Index was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for weighting dimensions. Determinants of inefficiency were estimated using a Tobit model. Results revealed an average technical efficiency of 0.717 and a Composite Sustainability Index of 0.41, classifying the sector as "moderate" but fragile. Crucially, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference in sustainability scores across efficiency groups (
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