Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41828839›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

A pH/Enzyme-Sensitive Doxorubicin Prodrug Micelle for Safe and Effective Cancer Treatment.

Xiang Li, Dan Wang, Shengyue Wu, Na Na, Xue Yang, Dongcheng Yi, Zixi Zhang, Qian Liang, Ziming Zhao, Yabing Hua

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Recent progress in small molecules targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiang LiKey Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Dan WangKey Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133002, China.
Shengyue WuJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Na NaKey Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Xue YangJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Dongcheng YiJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Zixi ZhangJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Qian LiangJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Ziming ZhaoJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Yabing HuaJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China.

Funding

the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes ZZ18-YQ-050the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant no. 81773643the Start-up Fund for Excellent Talents of Xuzhou Medical University grant no. D2021055
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study developed pH/enzyme-sensitive polymeric HA-AAN-DOX (HAD) micelles to resolve the limited targeting specificity of chemotherapy drugs.

methodsHyaluronic acid (HA) and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were conjugated via a hydrazone linkage utilizing an Ala-Ala-ASP tripeptide (AAN) as the connecting moiety, which is sensitive to the legumain enzyme. DOX was delivered via HAD micelles, which were activated by both hyaluronidase and the legumain enzyme. KEY

findingsThe results revealed the remarkable antitumor efficacy of these micelles both in vivo and in vitro. Compared with that of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl), the incidence of toxic side effects was significantly reduced with the HAD micelle treatment. As a result, micelles composed of hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin (HAD) offer a reliable and effective method for drug delivery, with the potential to optimize the therapeutic impact of chemotherapeutic agents on tumors by reducing unintended side effects.

conclusionsMicelles composed of hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin (HAD) offer a reliable and effective method for drug delivery, with the potential to optimize the therapeutic impact of chemotherapeutic agents on tumors by reducing unintended side effects.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicinMicellesProdrugsAnimalsAsparaginyl EndopeptidaseCell Line, TumorCysteine EndopeptidasesDrug Delivery SystemsHumansHyaluronic AcidHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMiceAntineoplastic AgentsAsparaginyl EndopeptidaseCysteine EndopeptidasesDoxorubicinHyaluronic AcidMicellesProdrugsdoxorubicinHAD micellehyaluronic acidlegumain enzymeprodrug micelle

Identifiers

PMID41828839
PMCPMC12986050

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.