ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
A Review and Experimental Study on the Performance of Rubberised Concrete Under Combined Freeze-Thaw and Sulphate Attack.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
The use of end-of-life tyre (ELT) rubber as a partial aggregate replacement in concrete represents a promising route for waste valorisation; however, its durability-related behaviour and long-term performance remain insufficiently characterised, particularly under combined environmental exposures. This study addresses these limitations by combining a targeted literature review encompassing more than 4500 data points from over 150 published studies with a laboratory-based experimental assessment of rubberised concretes aimed at clarifying key knowledge gaps. The experimental programme investigates concretes incorporating 5-50% ELT rubber (0/4 mm) as a selective replacement of a specific sand fraction, rather than of the total fine aggregate content, with particular emphasis on performance under coupled freeze-thaw cycling and sulphate attack. A reference mix (>50 MPa at 28 days) and seven rubberised concretes were characterised in terms of mechanical behaviour and selected durability-related indicators. Specimens were subsequently exposed for 270 days to freeze-thaw cycles (-20/+20 °C) in a 10% MgSO
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