ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
An Innovative High-Content Steel Slag Alkali-Sulfate Composite Activated Binder: Hydration Behavior and Application.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The low activity and expansion risk of steel slag limit its large-scale utilization in cementitious systems. This study developed an alkali-sulfate synergistic activation method to prepare binder with steel slag content exceeding 50 wt%. The effects of alkali activator dosage, modulus, steel slag and flue gas desulfurization gypsum content on the mechanical properties and workability were systematically investigated. With a mix of 60% steel slag, 30% fly ash, 10% desulfurization gypsum and activated by additional 20% alkali activator with modulus 1.0, the 28-day compressive strength reached 12.85 MPa, along with excellent volume stability. Microstructural characterization revealed that the main hydration products are C-A-S-H and ettringite, which jointly form a dense microstructure. When used to solidify lead-zinc tailings for backfill, the binder yielded satisfactory strength and effectively immobilized heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Zn), with leaching concentrations meeting environmental standards and immobilization efficiencies > 80%. Heavy metals were primarily immobilized through physical encapsulation, ion exchange, and co-precipitation. This study elucidates the hydration and mechanisms of high-content steel slag systems under alkali-sulfate synergistic activation, providing a sustainable technical framework for large-scale utilization of steel slag and tailings management.
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