ArticleJournal of biological engineering2026
Enhancing red blood cell compatibility: in vitro hemagglutination prevention using a trispecific triabody as a blocking fragment for blood group antigens.
Article in Journal of biological engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccess to safe and timely blood transfusion is a cornerstone of modern healthcare but depends on a stable supply of voluntary donations and rigorous hemovigilance systems. O-negative red blood cells are universally compatible and essential for emergency transfusions; however, their scarcity, particularly in low-resource regions, poses significant challenges. To address this challenge, a compact trispecific triabody was designed to block A, B, and Rh(D) antigens on RBCs.
resultsIn this study, two triabody configurations differing in the placement of the anti-Rh(D) variable domain were generated, producing closed (C1) and open (O1) formats. The selected triabody-C1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified into two fractions, AE3-B1 and AE3-B2. Hemagglutination assays demonstrated that AE3-B2 did not induce hemagglutination, whereas AE3-B1 showed mixed-field hemagglutination under standard conditions and complete hemagglutination under potentiator-enhanced hemagglutination conditions. ELISA-based binding assays indicated that the triabody’s monomers functioned independently with free antigens, while RBC-bound antigen assays revealed altered binding behavior upon sequential antigen engagement. Blood incompatibility related hemagglutination assays using monoclonal antibodies and incompatible O-negative blood plasma demonstrated complete prevention of hemagglutination by AE3-B2 triabody-coated RBCs, confirming effective antigen blocking.
conclusionsThe trispecific triabody efficiently prevents hemagglutination by blocking A, B, and Rh(D) antigens on RBCs, enabling them to exhibit enhanced compatibility and hemagglutinating patterns similar to O-negative cells. These findings provide a promising strategy to increase the pool of compatible blood for transfusion, particularly in emergency and resource-limited settings, while emphasizing that future in vivo investigations are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.