Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41826618›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

A hybrid deep learning approach with temporal awareness for intelligent intrusion detection in 6G-enabled IIoT networks.

Gaoyang Guo, Faizan Qamar, Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi, Fazlina Mohd Ali, Ihsan Ali

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gaoyang GuoCenter for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faizan QamarCenter for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. faizanqamar@ukm.edu.my.
Syed Hussain Ali KazmiCenter for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Fazlina Mohd AliCenter for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ihsan AliDepartment of Computer Science, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, 63701, MO, USA.

Funding

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education FRGS/1/2023/ICT07/UKM/02/1Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Geran Universiti Penyelidikan GUP-2024-009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of the sixth-generation (6G) communication technology and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has realized the intelligence and automation of industrial applications. However, due to the complexity, dynamics, and heterogeneity of data, traditional threat detection methods make it difficult to deal with cyber threats in the 6G-IIoT environment. In view of these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model combining a Deep Neural Network (DNN), a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), and an attention mechanism for threat detection in a 6G-IIoT environment. DNN extracts global features, BiGRU captures bidirectional temporal dependencies, and the attention mechanism highlights key anomalies. Experimental results on the Edge-IIoTset dataset show that the accuracy rate of the model is [Formula: see text]. It outperforms baseline models (such as ANN, CNN, DNN-LSTM). The model achieves high accuracy and low False Positive Rate (FPR), and meets the dynamic security requirements of the 6G-IIoT environment. This research provides a promising solution for real-time threat detection in next-generation industrial networks.

Indexed as

6GDeep learningHybrid modelIndustrial IoTIntrusion detectionNeural networks

Identifiers

PMID41826618
PMCPMC13111659

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