ArticlePharmaceutical research2026
Investigating the Potential of High Permeation Vesicle-Based Methotrexate Gel for Localized Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMethotrexate (MTX) is a clinically approved, potent disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used to manage rheumatoid arthritis. However, its systemic administration is associated with severe toxicity and bioavailability challenges. Localized MTX therapy holds significant potential by enabling site-specific action while diminishing the risk of systemic toxicity.
methodsIn this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of systematically designed methotrexate-loaded high permeation vesicles (MTX-HPVs) in rheumatoid arthritis. HPVs comprise biocompatible phospholipids and a synergistic combination of permeation enhancers optimized using a quality-by-design approach. The thin-film hydration technique was used to formulate MTX-HPVs. Furthermore, MTX-HPVs were integrated into the Carbopol® 934P NF gelling matrix for ease of application and prolonged retention.
resultsThe optimized MTX-HPVs exhibited optimal quality attributes with a sustained-release pattern for up to 48 h. Morphological assessment revealed a spherical shape of MTX-HPVs. The prepared MTX-HPVs loaded gel displayed enhanced flux (~ 6.9-fold) and permeation (~ 3.5-fold) compared to the free MTX gel. Furthermore, increased cellular internalization and reduced IC
conclusionThe MTX-HPVs gel substantially enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of MTX, demonstrating HPVs as a promising carrier system for localized methotrexate therapy.
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