Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41826558›Full record

ArticleCancer chemotherapy and pharmacology2026

Phase I trial of the combination of bortezomib and clofarabine in adults with refractory tumors.

Jibran Ahmed, Andre DeSouza, Shivaani Kummar, Lawrence Rubinstein, Geraldine O'Sullivan-Coyne, Jeevan Govindharajulu, William Herrick, Kate Ferry-Galow, Li Li, Deborah F Wilsker and 15 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02211755 (Phase I Trial of the Combination of Bortezomib and Clofarabine in Adults With Refractory Solid Tumors, Lymphomas, or Myelodysplastic Syndromes), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02211755 phase1completednot on this map

Phase I Trial of the Combination of Bortezomib and Clofarabine in Adults With Refractory Solid Tumors, Lymphomas, or Myelodysplastic Syndromes

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Ran2014 to 2025Enrolled28ConditionsNeoplasms, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, LymphomasArmsBortezomib plus Clofarabine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Jibran AhmedDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Andre DeSouzaDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Shivaani KummarDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Lawrence RubinsteinDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Geraldine O'Sullivan-CoyneDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Jeevan GovindharajuluLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
William HerrickLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Kate Ferry-GalowLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Li LiLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Deborah F WilskerLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Murielle HoguDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Richard PiekarzCancer Therapeutics Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Robert MeehanDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Mohamad Adham SalkeniDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Sarah ShinDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Brandon MillerLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Jennifer ZlottDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Lamin JuwaraLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Karen GrayLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Laura KuhlmannDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Apurva SrivastavaLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Ralph E ParchmentLeidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
James H DoroshowDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Naoko TakebeDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Alice P ChenDivision of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. chenali@mail.nih.gov.

Funding

NCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001E
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and purine nucleoside analog clofarabine combination had greater than additive activity in the NCI-ALMANAC preclinical screen. We conducted a phase 1 trial (NCT02211755) to evaluate the combination's safety and efficacy in patients. EXPERIMENTAL

designWe administered bortezomib subcutaneously on days 1 and 4, and clofarabine intravenously on days 1-5 of each 21-day cycle. The primary objective was to establish the safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bortezomib and clofarabine in patients with refractory solid tumors, lymphomas, or MDS. The secondary objective was to determine the effects of the combination on biomarkers of cell death and DNA damage response (DDR) in tumor biopsies.

resultsOf 28 patients enrolled, 11 had a best response of stable disease (median 5 cycles; range 2-10 cycles), including 5 patients (4 from the solid tumor cohort, 2 of which were at MTD) with stable disease for ≥ 6 cycles. The MTD for the solid tumor cohort was 1.3 mg/m

conclusionThe combination of bortezomib with clofarabine demonstrated limited antitumor effects possibly due to the inability to reach the efficacious doses achieved in preclinical models.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsNeoplasmsAdultAgedBortezomibClofarabineFemaleHumansMaleMaximum Tolerated DoseMiddle AgedBortezomibClofarabineLymphomasMyelodysplastic syndromesProteasome inhibitorsPurine nucleoside analogsRelapsed solid tumor

Identifiers

PMID41826558
PMCPMC12987827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.