ArticleScientific reports2026
Quantitative analysis of the effects of air pollution and urbanization on the rate of allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of air pollution and urbanization on the rate of allergic rhinitis and COPD in Turkey. Allergy and COPD rates compiled from the Turkish Ministry of Health Statistical Yearbooks and air pollution and urbanization data from the World Bank Country Reports database were used in the study. According to the Ministry of Health data, rate data for allergy and COPD were currently provided from 2008 to 2022. Therefore, the study covered the years 2008–2022 as a time limit. The rate of allergy was 9.30% in 2008, it was 9.60% in 2022 and the average was 9.46 ± 3.03. The COPD rate showed a peak at 21.61% in 2020 but then fluctuated, making the average of 23.47% potentially misleading. Allergy rate remained relatively stable (9.30% to 9.60%). While the rate of COPD was 2.20% in 2008, it was 21.61% in 2020 and the average was 6.00 ± 2.54. The average air pollution value was 23.47 ± 0.88 micrograms per cubic meter and the average urbanization value was 73.50 ± 2.36. Health expenditures increased from 11.09% to 11.53% and the average was 10.38 ± 0.79. There was a statistically significant and positive relationship between allergy and urbanization (r = 0.564; p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between COPD and urbanization (r = 0.776; p < 0.01). There was no direct relationship between air pollution and both allergy and COPD (p > 0.05). According to the linear regression analysis results, the effect of urbanization on allergy was statistically significant and positive (B = 0.924; p < 0.05). The effect of urbanization on COPD rate was statistically significant and positive (B = 1.052; p < 0.01). Although air pollution is reported to be important for allergy and COPD, urbanization has emerged as an indirect factor effecting COPD rate. Since combating air pollution is more effective today than in the past, more studies and field research are needed on other disease causative factors brought about by urbanization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.