Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41826331›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Data-driven intelligent carbonization unifies diverse biomass into high-performance hard carbon negative electrodes.

Junfeng Cui, Yi Rao, Jianbao Gao, Hao Zhang, Cheng Lin, Jiale Zhao, Jiawen Zeng, Chun Fang, Zhiqiang Wang, Jinyu Wen and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Junfeng Cui *State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7288-3099
Yi Rao *State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jianbao Gao *State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8838-8681
Hao ZhangState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Cheng LinState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jiale ZhaoState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jiawen ZengState Key Laboratory of Coal Combustsion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Chun FangState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Zhiqiang WangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-8407
Jinyu WenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-727X
Bo SongState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-3917
Yunhui HuangState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-1938
Haiping YangState Key Laboratory of Coal Combustsion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. yhping2002@163.com.
Jia XieState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. xiejia@hust.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-295X
Yonggang YaoState Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. yaoyg@hust.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-2982

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sustainable batteries necessitate high-performance hard carbon negative electrodes derived from abundant biomass. However, realizing their full potential is significantly limited by the inherent diversity of biomass feedstocks, the intricate control over carbonization and resulting microstructures, and the complex interplay between processing, structure, and electrochemical performance. Here, we introduce "intelligent carbonization", a strategy integrating programmable Joule heating (1000-2000 °C, 10-60 s) with machine learning to substantially accelerate the discovery and optimization of biomass-derived hard carbons. By mapping over 1000 synthetic pathways and decoding the multidimensional feature space, we reveal a performance-correlated factor that serves as a crucial predictor of capacity, complementing conventional graphitic descriptors (in-plane crystallite size/ interlayer spacing). By a minimal energy input (0.1 kWh g

Identifiers

PMID41826331
PMCPMC13125499

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.