Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41826293›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Post-infection sequelae of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases-a nationwide Danish study with 40-month follow-up.

Clara S Grønkjær, Rune Haubo B Christensen, Daniel Kondziella, Michael E Benros

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Clara S GrønkjærCopenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-1917
Rune Haubo B ChristensenCopenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-3399
Daniel KondziellaDepartments of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. daniel.kondziella@regionh.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-9808
Michael E BenrosCopenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. michael.eriksen.benros@regionh.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-9465

Funding

Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation) 349-2020-658Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation) NNF21OC0067769
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nationwide follow-up studies of long-term post-acute COVID-19 sequelae compared with sequelae of other infections have been lacking. Using nationwide registers, we analyzed all SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results, prescriptions for anti-infective agents, and hospitalizations with COVID-19 or other infections in Denmark from March 2020 to June 2023, including up to 40-month follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures to estimate the rates of first-time mental disorders (n = 5,306,132) and general medical conditions (n = 3,517,630). Here we show that positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests alone were not associated with clinically relevant increased rates of mental disorders or general medical conditions when compared with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests, nor when compared to individuals with anti-infective prescriptions. Rates of general medical conditions after a positive compared with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test were only elevated for virus types preceding Omicron and for individuals with less than 3 vaccination doses. Compared with the general population, the rates of mental disorders or general medical conditions were elevated among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and particularly when ICU treatment was required. However, when comparing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 to patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 pulmonary infections or other infections, the rates of mental disorders or general medical conditions were increased to the same extent. In conclusion, severe COVID-19 post-infection sequelae are comparable to sequelae observed after other infections of similar severity.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultAgedDenmarkFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalizationHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeProportional Hazards ModelsRegistriesSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID41826293
PMCPMC13125258

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.