ArticleVirologica Sinica2026
Metatranscriptomics uncovers host immune and microbiome signatures specific to and shared between human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.
Article in Virologica Sinica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Severe Respiratory Illness in Children with Isolated Human Metapneumovirus Infection.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute lower respiratory infections in Wenzhou, China from 2021 to 2022: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a prevalent respiratory virus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections that is highly homologous with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary etiological agent of pediatric upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Although hMPV and RSV are the only human pathogens within the Pneumoviridae family and share similar clinical manifestations, the mechanisms underlying their divergent pathogenicity remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis on clinical respiratory samples collected between 2017 and 2019 from 61 children: including hMPV-infected, RSV-infected and healthy controls. This analysis revealed a shared upregulation of antiviral response pathways, including neutrophil activation and signaling mediated by interferons and interleukins. Conversely, cilium organization and assembly pathways were commonly downregulated in both infections. hMPV infection uniquely upregulated pathways associated with extracellular component activity, ion channel complexes, and neuroactive ligand‒receptor interactions. In contrast, pathways related to membrane rafts and membrane microdomains were uniquely downregulated in hMPV-infected patients. Analysis of differentially expressed immune-related and interferon-stimulated genes revealed significant hMPV-specific increases in EGF and FCGR1A, alongside decreased EPAS1 expression. The genes that were uniquely upregulated during hMPV infection were enriched in cytokine production regulation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and PI3K/AKT signaling, whereas those that were uniquely downregulated involved the viral entry and endocytic vesicle pathways. Both hMPV infection and RSV infection significantly increased the proportions of M1 macrophages and neutrophils but decreased the proportions of M0 and M2 macrophages. Notably, hMPV infection resulted in a significant increase in monocytes and activated NK cells coupled with a decrease in resting memory CD4
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