Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824761›Full record

ArticleChemMedChem2026

A Nitroreductase-Activatable Lapachol Against Bacillus subtilis Unveils Antimicrobial Specificity.

Ivonne R Lopez-Miranda, Tianyi Ma, Joshua N Milstein, Andrew A Beharry

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ChemMedChem, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ivonne R Lopez-MirandaDepartment of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
Tianyi MaDepartment of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
Joshua N MilsteinDepartment of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-4025
Andrew A BeharryDepartment of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1505-2375

Funding

NSERC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lapachol is a natural product with antimicrobial activity. Though promising for combating antimicrobial resistance, lapachol has toxicity to mammalian cells, which will cause severe side effects in vivo. To mitigate this, we developed alapachol prodrug which is dependent on the action of nitroreductase-an enzyme expressed in bacteria but not healthy mammalian cells. We observed release of lapachol in vitro by purified nitroreductase and in the gram-positive bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis. Colony formation assays in Bacillus subtilis indicated release of lapachol, achieving comparable levels of toxicity as free lapachol. Lastly, minimal toxicity of our prodrug was observed in mammalian cell culture, demonstrating a >10-fold selectivity for bacteria over healthy mammalian cells.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacillus subtilisNaphthoquinonesNitroreductasesProdrugsAnimalsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentslapacholNaphthoquinonesNitroreductasesProdrugsantimicrobial resistancelapacholnitroreductaseprodrug

Identifiers

PMID41824761
PMCPMC12987600

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.