Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824495›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Reducing PTSD symptoms through unconscious intervention.

Qing Yang, Yingying Wang, Chunyu Liu, Pu Zhi, Siyu Chen, Yangyang Lei, Fei Xue, Zijian Zhu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Qing YangSchool of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
Yingying WangDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6378-6707
Chunyu LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.
Pu ZhiDepartment of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
Siyu ChenSchool of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.ORCID 0009-0008-0261-2218
Yangyang LeiSchool of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
Fei XueDepartment of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an 710061, China.ORCID 0009-0000-6376-4276
Zijian ZhuSchool of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.ORCID 0009-0004-1623-2639

Funding

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 32471092MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 32471102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intrusive traumatic memories are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conventional therapies typically require explicit and emotionally distressing reexposure to trauma cues, often leading to high dropout rates among severely affected patients. This study examined whether trauma memory intrusions could be effectively reduced through unconscious intervention, minimizing emotional distress by subliminally presenting trauma-related visual cues during bilateral eye movement intervention, a core component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Four experiments tested this approach: two utilizing an analogue trauma paradigm in healthy participants (N = 164), one clinical study with PTSD patients (N = 60), and one supplementary experiment in a subclinical sample (N = 30). Results demonstrated that this unconscious intervention significantly reduced the frequency of intrusive memories and effectively alleviated PTSD symptoms, with the frequency of intrusion decreasing by 56% and lasting at least 2 mo in PTSD patients. Critically, patients previously unable to tolerate conventional exposure therapy became capable of consciously confronting trauma cues postintervention. This unconscious intervention approach is brief (under 2 h total), minimally distressing, and requires limited patient disclosure, offering a promising alternative or adjunct to traditional trauma-focused treatments. It may substantially enhance treatment accessibility and tolerability for severely traumatized individuals otherwise unable to engage with traditional therapies.

Indexed as

Eye Movement Desensitization ReprocessingStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticUnconscious, PsychologyAdultCuesEye MovementsFemaleHumansMaleMemoryMiddle Agedeye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)memory intrusionposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)trauma-focused treatmentunconscious intervention

Identifiers

PMID41824495
PMCPMC12994179

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.