Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824423›Full record

ArticleJournal of chemical information and modeling2026

Efficient Binding Affinity Estimation for Fragment-Based Compounds Using a Separated Topologies Approach.

Ana-Maria Caldaruse, Hannah M Baumann, David L Mobley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of chemical information and modeling, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ana-Maria CaldaruseSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.
Hannah M BaumannOpen Free Energy, Open Molecular Software Foundation, Davis, California 95616, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1736-7744
David L MobleySchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1083-5533

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a widely used strategy in early-stage drug development, but accurately predicting the binding affinities of fragments and their elaborated analogs poses unique computational challenges. These difficulties arise from weak binding affinities, diverse chemical scaffolds, and limited structural overlap between fragments and their optimized derivatives. While several free-energy methods exist, few are tailored to the specific requirements of FBDD. In this study, we evaluate the Separated Topologies (SepTop) approach for modeling fragment-based transformations, including fragment merging and linking. Using retrospective data sets from Cyclophilin D and SARS-CoV-2 Macrodomain 1, we demonstrate that SepTop can recover experimental binding affinities with good accuracy across both fragment and lead-like compounds. These results support SepTop's suitability for fragment optimization and highlight its potential to extend the reach of binding free-energy calculations into earlier stages of drug discovery.

Indexed as

CyclophilinsDrug DiscoveryProtein BindingModels, MolecularSARS-CoV-2Cyclophilins

Identifiers

PMID41824423
PMCPMC13080961

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.