Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824259›Full record

ArticleNano-micro letters2026

Ultra-Stretchable Anti-Freezing Hydrogel Electrolytes Cross-Linked by Liquid Metal Particle Initiators Toward Soft Energy Storage Devices.

Qingshi Zhang, Priyanuj Bhuyan, Que Thi Nguyen, Xia Sun, Kunlong Liang, Mukesh Singh, Subir Kumar Pati, Xianglan Li, Yeeshu Kumar, Sungjune Park

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Qingshi ZhangSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Priyanuj BhuyanWearable Fluidic, Inc, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Que Thi NguyenSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Xia SunSustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Kunlong LiangSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Mukesh SinghSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Subir Kumar PatiSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Xianglan LiSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Yeeshu KumarSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Sungjune ParkSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. sungjunepark@skku.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogels are appealing for electrolyte of soft energy storage devices due to their mechanical flexibility and high ionic conductivity. Their polymeric networks containing large amount of water result in mechanical flexibility suitable for soft devices. However, high water content in hydrogels results in insufficient mechanical strength and freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Herein, we developed anti-freezing hydrogels with high mechanical strength by liquid metal (LM)-initiated free-radical polymerization. During the polymerization, we introduced stearyl methacrylate (SMA) to form hydrophobic associations, increasing the physical cross-linking density within the polymer network, resulting in desirable mechanical properties (elongation at break of 907% and tensile strength of 766 kPa). The hydrogel exhibiting ionic conductivity of 4.35 S m⁻

Indexed as

Anti-freezing hydrogelLiquid metal nanoparticle initiatorSupercapacitorWearable device

Identifiers

PMID41824259
PMCPMC12988136

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.