ArticleAmino acids2026
Association between plasma concentrations of galectin 3, growth differentiation factor 15, soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2, and cystatin C and clinical parameters and survival in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis.
Article in Amino acids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment of chronic kidney disease is based mainly on haemodialysis. During this procedure, cardiovascular haemodynamic parameters change, which can lead to complications in the circulatory system and shorten patient survival. Currently, new biomarkers are being sought that could predict survival in haemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Gal-3, GDF-15, sST2, and CysC could be useful biomarkers in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing haemodialysis in predicting the patient survival. This study included 76 patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with haemodialysis. We assessed the variability in the plasma concentrations of these proteins; evaluated correlations between Gal-3, GDF-15, and sST2 concentrations and selected haemodialysis parameters; and determined the relationship between the risk of death and Gal-3, GDF-15, sST2, and CysC concentrations. There was a decrease in the Gal-3 plasma concentrations and an increase in the GDF-15 and sST2 plasma concentrations during haemodialysis. Among the studied proteins, only the sST2 concentrations differed significantly between the patients who survived and died. The logarithm of the sST2 concentrations, both before and after haemodialysis, was an independent mortality risk factor in univariate analysis (respectively: hazard ratio [HR] 3.179, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.492-6.777, p = 0.0027, and HR 3.011, 95% CI 1.447-6.264, p = 0.0032) and multivariate analysis, which also included age, male gender, and body mass index (respectively: HR 2.776, 95% CI 1.306-5.903, p = 0.0080, and HR 2.496, 95% CI 1.224-5.090, p = 0.012). These results suggest the use of sST2 in clinical practice to identify patients at higher risk of death.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.