Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824021›Full record

ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026

Artificial intelligence and large language models as a new threat to scientific truth - a call to action.

Stone Sima, Victor Chen, Nathan Armani, Elvina Giyazitdinova, Philip Louie, Steven P Mell, Pedro Berjano, Kimberley Edwards, Karin Wuertz-Kozak, Jeremy Reynolds and 5 more

Abstract readEditorial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. When AI agrees with us: large language models as amplifiers of scientific bias.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  2. False references, real consequences: safeguarding spine evidence.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Stone SimaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 10 South Street, New South Wales, 2217, Kogarah, Australia. stonesima888@gmail.com.
Victor ChenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 10 South Street, New South Wales, 2217, Kogarah, Australia.
Nathan ArmaniDepartment of Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Elvina GiyazitdinovaTkachev Clinic, Volgograd, Russia.
Philip LouieVirginia Mason Neuroscience Institute, Washington, Seattle, USA.
Steven P MellDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite 204G, IL, Chicago, USA.
Pedro BerjanoIRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Kimberley EdwardsSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Karin Wuertz-KozakDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), NY, Rochester, USA.
Jeremy ReynoldsDepartment of Spinal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Adriaan VlokDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Hans-Joachim WilkeCentre for Trauma Research Ulm, Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany.
Arnold Y L WongDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Riccardo CecchinatoIRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Dino SamartzisDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite 204G, IL, Chicago, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID41824021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.