ArticleBiology2026
Optimizing Rat In Vitro Fertilization for Rat Model Cryo-Resuscitation from Frozen-Thawed Sperm.
Article in Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Optimizing cryo-resuscitation from frozen sperm would improve access to cryopreserved rat models. In this study, the possibility of replacing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) for model cryo-resuscitation from frozen-thawed sperm was investigated. Rat IVF protocol was modified to allow the procedures to be performed during a 9 h workday. The possibility of genetic background-specific modification of the superovulation protocol for the improvement in IVF outcomes was explored. Wild-type and genetically modified Sprague Dawley (SD), Long Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats were used. Sperm freezing and IVF were conducted as previously described. Cleavage, blastocyst formation and hatching of the resulting embryos were used to assess their developmental potential in vitro. The results showed that, with limited repetitions, current sperm freezing and IVF protocols resulted in cleavage rates ranging from 58 ± 11% to 87 ± 7% and blastocyst rates ranging from 21 ± 25% to 54 ± 23%, which are acceptable for the cryo-resuscitation of rat models. With slight modifications, the procedure can be fit into a 9 h workday (SD: 48 ± 35%; F344: 36 ± 13%). Strain/stock-specific differences in oocyte maturation timing were observed: LE females had a two-hour delay compared to SD and F344 rats in response to the same superovulation protocol. However, modifying the protocol for LE rats did not significantly improve IVF outcomes (34 ± 6 vs. 32 ± 12%). Overall, while IVF with frozen-thawed sperm is a promising alternative to ICSI, significant variability remains across strains/stocks and protocols. Continued research is necessary to advance our understanding of factors affecting the efficiency and repeatability of rat sperm freezing and IVF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.