ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026
Immunohistochemical Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Carrier African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer).
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immunohistochemical Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Carrier African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer).Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican buffalo are long-term carriers of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), particularly the South African Territories serotypes. Detecting low viral loads in carrier animals remains challenging.
objectivesThis study aims to detect FMDV antigen in formalin-fixed tissues of carrier buffalo using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify potential sites of viral persistence.
methodsPolyclonal antibodies targeting structural FMDV proteins were used to detect FMDV in formalin-fixed tissues from African buffalo (n = 15) culled in the Kruger National Park. The results were scored and compared with those from polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
resultsViral antigen was consistently associated with the vasculature of the coronary band and interdigital skin as well as in the lungs. It was also associated with the germinal centres of the palatine tonsils. Detection outside these areas was rare, indicating a distinct tissue tropism favouring the vasculature in carrier animals. All buffalo tested IHC positive, including some PCR-negative cases, suggesting IHC may offer increased sensitivity when viral loads are low.
conclusionsThe results revealed a novel association of viral antigen with vascular tissue and demonstrated the potential for superior sensitivity over PCR. Further research is needed to validate this assay, prove repeatability and clarify how carriers contribute to disease persistence and transmission.
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