Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41823691›Full record

ArticleEarly intervention in psychiatry2026

The Association Between Attachment Style and Symptomatic, Social, and Personal Recovery: A Comparison Between Male and Female Patients Remitted From Their First-Episode Psychosis.

Justine de With, Kit van der Eng, Iris E Sommer, Marieke van der Pluijm, Frederike Schirmbeck, Lieuwe de Haan, HAMLETT and OPHELIA Consortium Investigators

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Early intervention in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Justine de WithDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-1739
Kit van der EngDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Iris E SommerDepartment of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Marieke van der PluijmDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Frederike SchirmbeckDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lieuwe de HaanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
HAMLETT and OPHELIA Consortium Investigators

Funding

ZonMw 80-84800-98-41015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSex differences in recovery outcomes for psychosis have been observed. In patients with psychosis, rates of insecure attachment are significantly higher in patients of both sexes compared to the general population and have been linked to several aspects of recovery. However, the possible differential effect of attachment style on recovery between men and women with psychosis is currently unknown.

methodsThis study was performed in a subsample of 299 patients remitted from their first-episode psychosis (FEP) within the Handling Antipsychotic Medication Long-term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment (HAMLETT) study. First, t-tests were used to explore sex differences in baseline attachment style. Second, stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the association between baseline attachment style and symptomatic, social and personal recovery at three and 48 months follow-up, and the possible moderation effect of sex on these associations. Third, stepwise regression analyses were repeated with longitudinal change in symptomatic, social and personal recovery between three and 48 months follow-up as outcome measure.

resultsMale and female patients did not differ in baseline attachment style. Baseline attachment style was associated with recovery outcome at 3-months follow-up, whilst sex did not moderate this relationship. Baseline attachment style did not predict recovery outcome at 48-months follow-up, nor change in recovery outcome.

conclusionsOur findings suggest that attachment style is an important predictor of short-term recovery outcome in patients with FEP, whilst sex differences do not appear to significantly impact this relationship.

Indexed as

Object AttachmentPsychotic DisordersAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsYoung Adultattachment styleclinical recoveryfirst‐episode psychosispersonal recoverypsychosisrecovery outcomeschizophreniasexsocial recovery

Identifiers

PMID41823691
PMCPMC12985686

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.