Trial reportJournal of extracellular vesicles2026
Reduced Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated With Inhaled Extracellular Vesicles Expressing CD24.
Trial report in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04657497 (A Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group Comparative Study in SARS-CoV-2 Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group Comparative Study in SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breaking barriers in peritoneal fibrosis: extracellular vesicles as promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Exosome-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Lung Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Advances.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSevere COVID-19, and other systemic infections, can trigger hyperinflammation leading to lung injury. EXO-CD24, an inhaled extracellular vesicle therapy with anti-inflammatory properties, has shown acute clinical benefit, but long-term effects on survival remain unknown.
methodsWe compared the mortality in 35 patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 treated with inhaled EXO-CD24 on five consecutive days in 2020, versus 105 matched controls receiving standard care (1:3 ratio). This 'real life' study was a retrospective follow-up extended to 4.6 years after infection, evaluating all-cause mortality as well as health-related quality of life in survivors (HRQoL).
resultsNo deaths occurred in the EXO-CD24 group (0/35) versus 14 deaths (13.3%) among the matched controls (p < 0.05). The survival difference was most marked in the first month but persisted over time. At the end of the follow-up, theEXO-CD24 patients reported significantly better HRQoL, including well-being, physical function, and mobility.
conclusionsRepeated inhalations with EXO-CD24 is associated with improved survival and HRQoL up to 4.6 years post-treatment. These findings suggest durable benefits and support further evaluation of EXO-CD24 as an immunomodulatory therapy in severe inflammatory conditions.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04657497.
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Registered trials
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