ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Psychometric development and validation of the paternal breastfeeding support scale in Chinese mothers: a methodological cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Paternal support significantly influences breastfeeding success; however, culturally appropriate measurement tools are limited in China. This study aimed to develop and validate the Paternal Breastfeeding Support Scale (PBSS-22) through the systematic cross-cultural adaptation of the Hughes Breastfeeding Support Scale for Chinese healthcare contexts. Methods: A cross-sectional psychometric validation study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China, between October 2018 and October 2019. The Hughes Breastfeeding Support Scale underwent cross-cultural adaptation, including forward-backward translation, expert review ( Results: Of the 300 recruited participants, 229 provided valid responses (76.3% response rate). Participants had a mean age of 30.97 ± 4.27 years, with 67.7% practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Following systematic item analysis and factor extraction, the final 22-item scale demonstrated a four-factor structure: Emotional Support (8 items, factor loadings 0.687-0.938), Informational Support (4 items, 0.610-0.862), Practical Assistance (6 items, 0.547-0.857), and Childcare Support (4 items, 0.468-0.964). The four factors explained 66.5% of the total variance. Content validity indices showed strong expert consensus (S-CVI/Ave = 0.946, I-CVI range 0.70-1.00). Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's Conclusion: The PBSS-22 demonstrates robust psychometric properties and cultural appropriateness for measuring multidimensional paternal breastfeeding support in the Chinese population. This validated instrument enables the targeted assessment of support deficiencies and the development of evidence-based, family centered interventions to enhance breastfeeding outcomes.
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