Adapting a U.S.-based micro-savings program for Uganda: implementation process and lessons learned.

Background: This paper provides an overview of adapting a micro-savings program originally developed in the United States to a resource-limited setting in Uganda, highlighting this specific case of adapting a program from one country to another. The program involved opening Child Development Accounts (CDAs) to support saving among adolescents girls and their families. Guided by the asset theory and institutional theory, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities faced during the adaptation and implementation process. The findings offer insights that can inform efforts to expand similar micro-savings programs in other resource-limited communities. Methods: This paper utilizes data from the Suubi4Her study (2017-2022), a longitudinal intervention involving 1,260 adolescent girls in Southern Uganda. The analysis focused on saving behaviors among the entire sample and a subsample of 690 participants who opened CDAs. We examined self-reported and administrative savings outcomes over 30 months, encompassing bank savings behavior and savings beyond the initial deposit. Analyses also addressed key sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. A mixed-effect and adjusted logistic regression model were applied. Results: At enrollment, the participant's mean age was 15.37 years. The intervention improved bank saving behavior, evidenced by significant intervention-by-time interaction effects [χ2(2) = 43.38, p < 0.01], demonstrating a substantial increase in the odds of bank saving behavior in the intervention group at Wave 2 (OR = 78.85, 95% CI: 18.76, 331.51, p < 0.01) and Wave 3 (OR = 80.95, 95% CI: 19.31, 339.26, p < 0.01) compared to baseline within the control group. In the analysis of additional saving beyond the initial deposit, participants whose schools were located within 2 km of their home had significantly higher odds of saving (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.72-4.37, p < 0.01), while older participants had lower odds (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, p = 0.04). Living nearer to a bank was associated with increased odds of additional saving (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.84-3.62, p = 0.13), though this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that, overall, CDA-based micro-saving programs implementation is possible even in resource limited communities like Uganda, and when given the opportunity, families living in low-income households can utilize the CDA "infrastructure" to save. Overall, for the saving intervention to yield its intended benefits, institutional barriers need to be addressed, including bringing the bank services to the people and providing financial literacy training to instill the culture of saving from a young age.