ArticleVeterinary world2026
Immunoinformatics-driven design of a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-based multi-epitope vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis virus.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes severe respiratory, renal, and reproductive disease in chickens, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The high mutation and recombination rates of IBV, especially in structural proteins like the spike glycoprotein, limit the effectiveness of current live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. This study aimed to design and computationally evaluate a novel multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) targeting the highly conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of IBV in order to provide broad and lasting immune protection. Materials and Methods: The RdRp protein (NCBI: NP_740629.1) was chosen as the vaccine target due to its high sequence conservation and crucial role in viral replication. B-cell lymphocyte, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes were predicted using various immunoinformatics tools, followed by strict screening for antigenicity, non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, interferon-γ induction potential, and lack of homology with Results: The final multi-epitope construct showed favorable physicochemical properties, including high stability (instability index: 25.74), hydrophilicity, and predicted solubility (Protein-Sol score: 0.504). Structural modeling and validation confirmed a reliable tertiary structure. Molecular docking demonstrated strong, stable binding to TLR7, supported by multiple hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, while molecular dynamics analysis indicated sufficient flexibility for immune recognition. Immune simulations forecasted robust humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by increased IgG levels, expansion of memory B and T cells, and a Th1-biased cytokine profile with significant interferon-γ production. Conclusion: This immunoinformatics-designed RdRp-based MEV is a promising candidate for broad-spectrum protection against IBV. By targeting a conserved non-structural protein, it may address limitations linked to strain-specific vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.