Preventing acute diverticulitis. any roles for non-absorbable antibiotics? in search of evidence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Hospital admissions for diverticulitis, a complication of diverticular disease, are very much on the increase. Prevention of diverticulitis could cut costs and save lives. Aims: To identify whether the risk of the first episode of diverticulitis (primary prevention) or recurrence of diverticulitis (secondary prevention) can be reduced in patients with diverticular disease using non-absorbable antibiotics (mainly rifaximin). Methods: The studies were identified by searching PubMed and CENTRAL from 1990 to May 2022. The methodological quality of each study was also evaluated. The outcome of the meta-analysis was the occurrence of a first or subsequent episode of diverticulitis. In addition, a trial sequential analysis was performed to evaluate whether the results would be subject to type I or type II errors. Results: Primary prevention: the risk difference was statistically significant in favor of rifaximin (-0,019, or -1.9%, CI -0,6 to -3,3%). There was no evidence of heterogeneity Conclusions: Rifaximin can lower the risk of a first episode of diverticulitis. However, the cost-benefit ratio currently appears too high. Rifaximin could also reduce the risk of a second episode, but the quality of the evidence is low. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022379258.