Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41821620›Full record

ArticleAdvanced electronic materials2025

Shaping magnetic liquid metals into 3D leakage-free, shape-programmable structures and electronics.

Yongyu Lu, Zizheng Wang, Vagif Abdulla, Jacob Pfund, Shao-Hao Lu, Yi Li, Xincheng Zhang, Gavin Fennell, Yuxuan Zhang, Menka Jain and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced electronic materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yongyu LuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Zizheng WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Vagif AbdullaInstitute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Jacob PfundDepartment of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Shao-Hao LuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Yi LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Xincheng ZhangInstitute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Gavin FennellDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Yuxuan ZhangInstitute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Menka JainInstitute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Yi ZhangInstitute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Xueju WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

Funding

A Wireless, Closed-Loop Neural Probe for Optogenetics, Pharmacology and Neurochemical MonitoringRF1NS118287 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI ZHANG, YI · 2020 to 2020
$3.3M
A Wireless, Multimodal Neural Probe for Simultaneous Membrane-Free Neurochemical Sampling and NeuropharmacologyR01MH128721 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI Yi Zhang · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH128721NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS118287
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid metals (LMs), renowned for their high conductivity and large deformability, find increasing applications including in flexible electronics and soft robotics. One critical process in these applications is the precise patterning of LMs into desired shapes. Yet, existing LM patterning techniques predominantly focus on 2D patterns due to challenges posed by the inherent fluidity and leakage of LMs. Here, we introduce an approach that bypasses these limitations, enabling the creation of complex 3D leakage-free LM structures. This is achieved through mechanical programming of 2D magnetically immobilized LM paste formed via incorporating magnetic particles into LMs. Such composite effectively resists leakage due to the combined effect of strong magnetic inter-attraction within the porous magnetic networks and the high surface tension of LMs, while retaining the high conductivity. Diverse freestanding magnetic LM structures, obtained upon LM solidification at ambient temperature, dynamically morph between their 2D and various 3D configurations through multiple cycles of induction heating and magnetic-assisted reprogramming, featuring large compression resistance and self-healing capabilities. Potential applications of these leakage-resistant, shape-adaptable structures are demonstrated through a helical magnetic LM antenna, which showcases its efficiency in wireless communication and energy harvesting.

Indexed as

3D patterning of liquid metalsleakage-freeoptogenetic electronicsshape programmability and reconfigurability

Identifiers

PMID41821620
PMCPMC12978701

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.